Organic side streams (bioproducts) as substrate for black soldier fly (

The growing world population accompanied by urbanisation and improved economies has resulted in an increased demand for diets rich animal proteins. rearing of livestock existing practices is also becoming increasingly difficult due to changing environmental conditions. use black soldier fly larvae (BSFL) grown on organic side streams (bioproducts) as feed animals presents a sustainable alternative conventional ingredients. nutritional compositional profile BSFL reared their potential be used been extensively explored. However, little information available the chemical safety streams. This review addresses hazards substrates spiked with different contaminants, including heavy metals, mycotoxins, pesticides, pharmaceuticals. were observed excrete mycotoxins able reduce concentration pesticides pharmaceutical compounds substrate. Certain metals found accumulated when Initial studies have indicated that growth parameters composition are not altered presence microplastics pollutants Information about these feed-safety issues will assist developing regulatory frameworks appropriate processing methods mitigate hazards, thereby providing framework risks commercialisation destined feed.